What are the different types of castings?

(1) Cast iron, cast iron castings For casting manufacturers, the cost is relatively low, the process is good, remelting and regeneration, saving resources and energy, so the application and development of this material is lasting. For example, research and development of cupola electric furnace dual smelting process and equipment; Iron desulfurization filtration technology widely used; Manufacturing technology of thin-walled high-strength iron castings; Manufacturing technology of cast iron composite; Cast iron surface or local strengthening technology; Complete set of isothermal ductile iron technology; Metal casting, metal sand casting, continuous casting and other special processes and equipment.

(2) The production of cast steel is relatively stable, and the quality, variety, performance, and the proportion of alloy steel and special steel of cast steel are constantly improving. Using various refining processes and technologies to develop new cast steel materials can improve the strength, toughness and special properties of materials.

(3) Casting light alloy casting light alloy will be more widely used in aviation, aviation, automobile, machinery and other industries due to its low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and a series of excellent characteristics. Especially in the automobile industry, in order to reduce fuel consumption and improve energy utilization, aluminum and nickel alloy castings are used instead of steel, and iron castings are a long-term development trend. Focus on pollution-free, simple operation refining technology, modification technology, particle refinement technology and furnace front rapid detection technology. In order to further improve the material properties and maximize the potential of materials, high-quality aluminum alloy materials, especially aluminum composite materials, can be developed to meet the performance requirements of different working conditions; Strengthen the research of cluster alloy smelting process, continue to develop alloy die casting and squeeze casting processes and related technologies; Improve the development and research of ferroalloy smelting equipment and related technologies and processes.

(4) Cast composite materials will become a new type of engineering materials in the 21st century. Casting composites will be committed to developing metal matrix composites and reinforcement group materials to accelerate the development of their applications. Casting defects are the main cause of waste and a serious threat to casting quality. Due to various reasons, there are various defects in castings. Due to different solidification forming conditions, the types of defects are different in form and manifestation. For example, the solidification shrinkage of liquid metal will form shrinkage holes and shrink loose; During solidification, the redistribution of elements in solid and liquid phases will lead to segregation; The concentration of thermal stress during cooling will lead to the cracking and deformation of castings. Corresponding control measures shall be taken according to different causes and degrees to eliminate or reduce them to a low limit. In addition, there are many defects in the filling process, such as inclusions, pores, cold partitions, etc., which are not only related to the type of alloy, but also related to the specific molding process. In a word, prevention, elimination and control of various defects are key issues that cannot be ignored.